Preface
Mohammad
Karamouz
author
text
article
2007
per
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
3
v.
2
no.
2007
0
1
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15976_d4bb75acd30b4895806e3358232eb2ab.pdf
Ranking Inter-basin Water Resources Projects Using Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making Method
S. L
Razavi Toosi
M.S. student, Department of water structures, College of Agriculture, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran, Po.Box 14115-33
author
J
M. V. Samani
Associate professor, Department of water structures, College of Agriculture, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran.
author
A
Koorehpazan Dezfuli
M.S. Environment and Water Research Center, Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2007
per
Dealing with Water Scarcity is one of the important probleme in water resources management. There is no one of financial capability to execute all the water resources projects in one lot, so it is important to rank execution projects. In this study, one of the fuzzy multiple attribute decision making methods was employed for ranking some of the inter-basin water transfer projects, by using different critaria and modifying the Raj and Kumar method for both benefit and cost critaria conditions. The approach has been applied to the Karun river basin. For ranking alternatives, first critaria and their weight were determined and then 10 inter-basin water resources projects of Karun river with 8 critaria were considered. The weight of each criterion determined by 5 water resources experts. The fuzzy weights of alternatives are computed by using standard fuzzy arithmatic. The concept of maximizing snd minimizing sets are used to computed the total utility of each of alternatives. Finally, the results of maximizing and minimizing method were compared to FDM software.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
3
v.
2
no.
2007
1
9
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15525_a3f844ed664f282c28cdca42cb9c24be.pdf
Economic Assessment in Development of Operating Policies for Inter- Basin Water Transfer
M
Karamouz
Professor, School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Email:
author
S.A
Mojahedi
M.S. in Water Engineering, Ministry of Energy, Iran
author
A
Ahmadi
Ph.D. Candidate, School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran
author
text
article
2007
per
The water basin transfer project is an alternative for balancing the non-uniform temporal and local distribution of water resources and water demand, especially in arid and semi arid regions. A water transfer project can be executed if it can be economically and environmentally justified. In this study, this challenge has been investigated for water transfer from Solegan in the Khuzestan vicinity to Rafsanjan in Kerman. The environmental impacts of such a project on Karoon Rivers between the Gotvand Dam to Darkhoien are considered. Monthly water quality simulation was carried out and one year of observed data was used for model calibration. A multiple regression was performed to estimate river water quality variations based on the simulation results. The regression equations were used in calculating water quality and environmental costs imposed on the river by investigating the effect of the development plans with an economic based objective function. Then a mathematical model was developed to maximize the net benefit of inter-basin water transfer. Costs and benefits including agricultural production, hydropower generation, dredging, physical construction costs, pumping groundwater and environmental costs were also considered. The optimization period is 23 years (the length of historical data); and the Genetic Algorithms is used to solve the model. Model output is the optimum flow rate of water transfer in each month. For real time operation, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is developed. The results show that the high benefit of agriculture production in the Rafsanjan plain and the costs of decreasing agricultural production in Khuzestan plains are the governing factors.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
3
v.
2
no.
2007
10
25
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15526_0d1ae813fade0261c13f2ff72bf5e54b.pdf
Estimating Spatial Distribution of Rainfall by Fuzzy Set Theory
S
Rahimi Bondarabadi
Scientific staff, soil conservation and watershed management research institute
author
B
Saghafian
Assistant Professor, soil conservation and watershed management research institute
author
text
article
2007
per
One of the important inputs for a water resources study is rainfall. Choosing improper interpolation methods may result in extensive errors. Geostatistical methods may also fail to be used, in case of insufficient data. However, generated data has small errors that produce unequivalency in data. Using fuzzy set theory, every data (observed, generated value and obtained from an expert or imprecise) valuated by membership function. Kriging, Weighted Moving Average (WMA), Thin Plate Smoothing Splines (TPSS) and Fuzzy Kriging Interpolation is executed for annual rainfall in eastern and southeastern Iran. Two cases were studied. The first case generated the data for some of the points and fuzzified these points. In the second case, the number of the generated points are increased. Variogram analysis demonstrated spatial correlation between the runoff and the annual rainfall in the study area. Also, fuzzy variogram showed spatial correlation with larger ranges. The results show that the fuzzy kriging method is an accurate method in estimating monthly and annual rainfall. Increasing the number of generating points would however increase the estimating error.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
3
v.
2
no.
2007
26
38
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15549_47b10dc8200268c3f1bc14f7149ad59f.pdf
Groundwater Vulnerability Evaluation of Tehran-Karaj Aquifer Using DRASTIC Method and Fuzzy Logic
R
Niknam
M.Sc. in Irrigation and Drainage Eng., Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
author
K
Mohammadi
Associate Professor, Water Engineering Research Center, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
V
J. Majd
Associate Professor, Dept. of Electrical Eng., Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2007
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In recognition of the need for effective and efficient methods for protecting groundwater resources from future contamination, scientists and resource managers have sought to develop aquifer vulnerability assessment techniques for predicting which areas are more likely than others to become contaminated as a result of activities at or near the land surface. This research is focused on the evaluation of Tehran-Karj groundwater vulnerability to pollution. Among several assessment methods, DRASTIC has been selected for this study. A major portion of Tehran’s drinking water is supplied from groundwater. ArcGIS has been used to overlay and calculate different layers and obtain the vulnerability map. In addition, groundwater balance has been evaluated in order to calculate the net recharge parameter in DRASTIC index. About 50 percent of the aquifer has been classified as moderate and almost 20 percent has low pollution vulnerability. The Boolean algorithm is usually used in categorizing the index but it is proved that using the Boolean algorithm causes the discrepancy in classification. On the other hand, fuzzy algorithm can produce more accurate results. Therefore, in this research, both Boolean and Fuzzy algorithms were used and compared together. Fuzzy algorithm could recognize the areas with low and very low vulnerability potentials while the Boolean model was not able to do so, therefore, the fuzzy model showed better performance. According to the developed map, most of the areas in the moderate class and very high class had the minimum area in the region.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
3
v.
2
no.
2007
39
47
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15550_fc09999cd76523bba3540c3069ebc56d.pdf
Energy Loss Promotion of Stepped Spillways Based On Step-Pool Formation In High Gradient Mountain Streams
A
Mardashti
Ph. D. Student of Civil Eng. Dep., Engineering School, Shiraz University
author
N
Talebbeydokhti
Prof. of Civil Eng. Dep., Engineering School, Shiraz University
author
text
article
2007
per
The most important characteristic of a stepped spillway compared to other kinds of spillways is the high energy dissipation. The understanding of head loss, evaluation and promotion of energy dissipation are the basis of more research. In this study, a new step-pool formation is designed in stepped spillway based on natural high gradient mountain stream bed formation. Residual energy downstream of both the step-pool stepped spillway and the normal stepped spillway are measured in the hydraulic laboratory of the School of Engineering of ShirazUniversity. For new design, the experiments were made at two slopes, under six discharges and six step-pool configurations. Therefore, a total of 72 tests were performed. Based on this laboratory results, it was concluded that the step-pool (compound) stepped spillway caused an extra 30% reduction in energy dissipation compared to the simple stepped spillway. This result confirms the optimization of natural step-pool formation for stepped spillways.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
3
v.
2
no.
2007
48
61
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15551_f06e70de1f51671d29add02ba120c9c8.pdf
A Precipitation-based Regionalization in Western Iran using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis
T
Raziei
Research Scientist of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
author
Gh
Azizi
Associate Professor, Department of Physical Geography, University of Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2007
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In the present study western Iran has been regionalized based on 10 factors in 170 stations using principal component analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). In this way, all 10 factors were reduced to 4 principal components and then rotated using Varimax rotation criterion. Applying Ward’s Algorithm, a Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, on principal component scores, the stations were grouped into 5 individual clusters. The results indicated that the study area comprises of 5 distinctive homogenous subdivisions. Topography and latitude play an important role in determining boundaries between identified subdivisions and existence of spatial differences between them as well.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
3
v.
2
no.
2007
62
65
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15552_f0313d0bf221eb4771fa43285c927401.pdf
The Mineral Spring and their Spatial Distribution in Iran
I
Ebrahimzadeh
Assistant Professor of Department of Geography, Sistan and Balouchistan University, Zahedan- Iran
author
text
article
2007
per
Beside their aesthetic aspects, mineral springs present sight-alluring-scenes in mountainous-environments. They are also gifted with blessings of therapeutic and healing qualities. In Iran, benefiting from and exploiting the curative aspects of mineral springs, has been in vague in the past. With all the scientific verification of the therapeutic properties of these mineral springs on one hand, and the geographical distribution of hot-water-mineral springs in Iran on the other hand, the performance of these mineral springs can, quite substantially, be improved through proper planning and competent management within the framework of the tourism industry.
This report introduces and elucidates the geographical distribution of mineral springs in Iran and endeavors to state the existing stumbling blocks and to explore pertinent means for making better and greater use of such resources in the tourism industry.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
3
v.
2
no.
2007
66
70
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15553_985cf45c987fcb33d0e2d4d9b6cee4d6.pdf
Thermal Stratification in Tandem Reservoirs Case Study: Karun 1, Karun 2, and Karun 3 Reservoirs
H
Zargarpour
Scientific Staff, Emam Hosein University, Iran
author
M
Gheravi
Assistant Professor, School of Civil Eng. Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST-IRAN)
author
J
Dehghan
Member of Technical Department of IWPC, Iran.
author
text
article
2007
per
Thermal stratification in prevents reservoirs oxygen to reach the bottom layers. In this study, the effects of upstream reservoirs in thermal stratification of downstream reservoirs have been investigated. This paper presents the results in two different conditions; single and tandem reservoirs.
In single reservoir conditions, inflow to each reservoir is the natural river stream. In tandem reservoirs condition, the effect of each reservoir on downstream reservoirs is examined. Comparing the results of these two conditions explained the induced thermal stratification phenomena. This study is performed using HEC-5Q software.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
3
v.
2
no.
2007
71
77
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15554_516ee4358129eb2569c51ce5ca757dec.pdf
Uncertainty Analysis of Reservoir Sedimentation With Harr's Method
Case Study: Shahar Chai Dam In Iran
M
Vaez Tehrani
pH.D student of Water Structures Eng., Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
author
J
M. Samani
Associate Professor of Water Structures Eng., Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
author
M
Montaseri
Assistant Professor of Water Structures Eng., Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
author
text
article
2007
per
One of problems that affects the hydro-installation and reduces the useful life of dams, is sedimentation in the reservoir, which is unavoidable. In estimating reservoir sedimentation and accumulation, a number of uncertainties arise. These are related to the quantity of streamflow, sediment load, sediment particle size, and specific weight, trap efficiency, and reservoir operation. To evaluate suspended sediments and bed load in some hydrometric stations, separating the field data into wet and dry time periods and total time periods are used. Harr’s method is used to quantify the uncertainty of accumulated reservoir sedimentation through time. To examine the importance of various factors on the uncertainty of accumulated reservoir sedimentation, sensitivity analysis was conducted. In this study, the effect of each uncertain factor, on the uncertainty of accumulated reservoir sedimentation through time has been examined for Shahar Chai Dam in northwestern Iran. The results show that in Harr’s method, the uncertainty of accumulated reservoir sediment volume is 0.384 in total time periods and 0.244 for wet and dry time periods.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
3
v.
2
no.
2007
1
11
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15555_306d1ec6cab90b18fb5e6f2ca9f4b7a1.pdf