Preface
Mohammad
Karamouz
author
text
article
2010
per
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
1
no.
2010
0
1
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_16035_12e2cdd404c49f23bcbafed102e61a3f.pdf
Reservoir Operation Optimization using Stochastic Adaptive Refinement of Ant Algorithms
M.H
Afshar
Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran, Email:
author
S. E
Rezai
M.Sc Student, Civil Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
author
R
Moayeni
Ph.D. candidate, Civil Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2010
per
The Algorithm of the Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) is basically developed and used for discrete optimization problems. However many real engineering problems such as reservoir operation problems are of a continuous nature and using ant based algorithms on such problems requires discretisation of the decision variables. An adaptive refinement mechanism is suggested in this paper to improve the performance of ant algorithms in solving continuous optimization problems. This is an iterative method starting with a uniform discretisation of the search space. A Gaussian distribution is used for discretisation of the decision variables in the subsequent iterations. The average and standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution is computed in each iteration using the optimal solution obtained in the previous iterations. The proposed mechanism was used to solve some benchmark function optimization problems and a reservoir operation problem. The results indicated the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method to improve the performance of the ant algorithms for continuous optimization problems.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
1
no.
2010
1
13
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15779_72610d35d76fa15f311d2fed5a2cd374.pdf
Optimal Operation Modeling of Reservoirs using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP)
K
Qaderi
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, University of Shahid Bahonar, Kerman
author
J
M. V. Samani
Professor, Hydrostructure Department, Agriculture Department, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran
author
S. J
Mousavi
Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Faculty, Amir Kabir University, Tehran.
author
H. R
Eslami
M. S. in Water Resource Management, University of Gorgan, Gorgan
author
D. R
Arab
Ph. D. Water Resources
author
text
article
2010
per
One of the best ways to deal with water resources management problems and the unwanted temporal and spatial distribution of water is the optimal operation of reservoirs. Optimization techniques have become increasingly important over the last three decades in the management and operation of complex reservoir systems. In recent years the water resource experts have benefited from many hardware and software advances and used different kinds of tools and methods for optimization. In this research a software is developed based on the Mixed Integer Linear Programming (NIILP) for optimal use of the multiobjective multireservoir system of the Tehran-Karaj plane. The MILP method is selected due to the characteristics of the reservoir system, the availability of data, and the objectives and constraints. The topology of the system is designed based on the network flow optimization approach. The topology includes the water resources (Lar, Latian, and Karaj reservoirs), the water consumers (i.e. domestic, agriculture, industrial), and the hydraulic connections. The objective function, constraints, and piecewise linear of nonlinear relationships were formulated and the penalties and the priorities in each branch and bound were introduced. The software includes GUI, a database, a solver, spreadsheets and graphical output analysis. The results of this research indicated that the developed software is a suitable model for deriving operational rules in the system under study. Results also show that using this model for management and operation of the water resources system in the Tehran-Karaj plain result in a better allocation of water to the consumer compared to the LP model and historical operations.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
1
no.
2010
15
27
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15781_ac7ecc47ae555b6be1258c88a3d51c11.pdf
Application of the Concept of Virtual Water in Water Resources Management of Iran
A. A
Baghestany
M.Sc Student in Agricultural Economics.Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Kerman. Iran
author
H
Mehrabi Boshrabadi
Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics. Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Kerman. Iran. Email: hmehrabi2000@gmail.com
author
M.R
Zare Mehrjerdi
Assistant Professor in Agricultural Economics. Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Kerman. Iran.
author
H
Sherafatmand
M.Sc in Agriculture Economics. Zabol University. Sistan and Baluchistan. Iran
author
text
article
2010
per
The water crisis has become a serious issue in Iran in recent years due to the arid and semi arid nature of the country. The water issued in the production processes is called "Virtual Water", some of it remaines in the product. When these products enter the international markets, virtual water trade happens. Virtual water trade is expected to decrease water use in national and international levels due to the efficient and specialized use of water. Nowadays, the concept of virtual water is an important issue in water resource management. In this study, a method is introduced for quantification and evaluation of water hidden in the agricultural products exported from and imported to Iran during the period of 1996 to 2006. Results indicate that the imported virtual water was more than the exported portion and Iran can be called an importer of virtual water for the study period.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
1
no.
2010
28
38
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15782_c2f2275e67ad218b492d8502eb4bf007.pdf
Estimating Precipitation Data Using a Fuzzy-based Technique
H
Ansari
Assistant Professor Water Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
K
Davary
Assistant Professor Water Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2010
per
As a flexible tool that may be adapted to many systems, fuzzy logic was employed to develop a new technique for estimation of precipitation data. This fuzzy-based technique estimates precipitation for any point upon available data from the neighboring meteorological stations. The contributions of each station is weighed due to its differential longitudes, latitudes, and altitudes with respect to the point of interest. This was accomplished through two membership functions for distance and elevation. Each of these functions are composed of four fuzzy sets (triangular and trapezoidal shapes with partial overlaps), which in turn led to sixteen fuzzy rules. Computing weights for each station activates a minimum of two and a maximum of four rules. The technique was tested for Khorasan province in eastern Iran using the data from 48 meteorological stations. Finally, the results from the fuzzy-based technique are compared with the results of two other commonly used methods, namely simple average and inversed-distance. The results generally showed the minimum error for fuzzy technique. The minimum mean-absolute-error and the model deviation of the estimated values were found for the fuzzy-based technique. Inversed-distance and simple average methods showed higher values for these parameters. The role of the number of stations involved in the estimation process was also discussed. The optimal number of stations are found to be four.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
1
no.
2010
39
47
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15787_dd83e35a7c6818375b00cc27b15d875a.pdf
Analysis of the Probability Distribution for the Annual Precipitation in the Golestan Province
H
Asakereh
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography , University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
author
F
Mazini
MS in Climatology, Department of Geography , University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
author
text
article
2010
per
Some characters of time series probability distribution are described by shape and scale parameters. These parameters show skewness and kurtosis of probability distribution. Suitable fitting of probability distribution on climatic elements e.g. precipitation can estimate the related scale and shape parameters. In this paper based on daily data from 51 synoptic, climatologic, and rain gage stations in the Golestan province in the north of Iran, the suitable probability distribution have fitted and the shape and the scale parameters were estimated. In the next step the spatial distribution of these parameters were statistically-graphically analyzed. Results of this paper show that in the wet months (October to March) the probability distributions of precipitation are best described with the Gamma distribution. While in the dry months (April to September) the precipitation are fitted to Half Normal and Exponential distributions. Based on the common methods the shape and the scale parameters have been calculated. The positive skewness is the main character of the probability distribution shape both in wet and dry regions of the province. The wet regions however get their high precipitation from the frequent precipitation. In spite of this, the coefficient of precipitation and the shape parameter is low and about 19%. The scale parameter has a stronger relation with precipitation. Their common variance is about 40%.
Based on the best fitted probability distribution and based on the precipitation quintiles, the 25 and 75 percentiles and their anomaly have been estimated. The results show a high range in extreme precipitation in the southern area of the Golestan province.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
1
no.
2010
51
55
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15789_465f9ec4e5d39f12999dbf4efc3cbf94.pdf
Relationship between Flow Discharge and Organic Matter in Suspended Sediment in Koujor Educational Forest Watershed
P
Saeidi
Ms, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, College of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran
author
S.H.R
Sadeghi
Associate Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, College of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran
author
text
article
2010
per
Runoff generation and soil erosion wash out the nutrients and organic matter from the watershed and cause soil depletion. Information on organic matter loss variations is therefore very important. The present study was conducted in the Koujor Forest Watershed, with an area of 13263 ha, in order to develop the relationship between the flow discharge and the organic matter carried out by suspended sediments in that area. The study was conducted on daily and storm bases considering sand and gravel mining activities. The flow velocity was measured using current meters and floaters in normal and flood periods, respectively. The discharge is calculated accordingly. The suspended sediment and organic matter was respectively determined through sampling using the integration method and loss on ignition method. The relationship between the organic matter and the flow discharge in the study period was then assessed by applying the bivariate regression method supported by different statistical criteria. The results of the study verified the significant and inverse relationship between the variables under study.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
1
no.
2010
63
55
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15790_849b108a56c67d93a0913c062410e239.pdf
Development of Indicators and Triggers for Drought Plans; A Review
S
Morid
Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tarbiat Modarres, Tehran, Iran
author
M
Moghaddasi
Research Scholar, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tarbiat Modarres, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2010
per
Drought plans as the main measure to mitigate negative impacts of this natural disaster depend on indicators and triggers that characterize drought conditions and indicate time and type of the predefined responses. There are important issues in developing the relevant indicators and triggers; such as combining approach, temporal and spatial inconsistency and statistical incomparability of these indicators and triggers. Also these indicators should be selected with respect to the objectives of the plans. The main goal of this paper is to address such issues and also introduce the advantages and disadvantages of the referred indicators. Finally, the significant role of expert assessment to finalize the selected approach is highlighted and discussed.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
1
no.
2010
71
58
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15791_31f96ffc243d58cb7b33405b46b4d3cb.pdf
Analysis of Spatial Variation of Precipitation: Comparison of Conventional and Kriging Methods
M
Karamouz
Professor, School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Research professor, poly-nyu, New York
author
M
Fallahi
M.Sc. graduate, School of Civil Engineering., Amirkabir University of Tech., Tehran, Iran
author
S
Nazif
Ph.D. Candidate, School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2010
per
One of the major challenges in water resources management is estimation of missing or un-gauged data. Estimates of the unknown data in different points can be made by spatial interpolation of the observed data recorded in some special points of the study region. In case of spatial variations of precipitation data, there are many interpolation techniques changing from simple linear methods to complicated multivariate methods. Each method has its own necessities and constraints which result in different levels of accuracy and precision in the estimated values. Accordingly regarding the needed accuracy in different applications and the available time and data, different spatial analysis methods are utilized. In this paper different conventional and modern methods such as interpolation and Kriging are used for spatial analysis of the precipitation in the western part of Iran. Many different techniques have been applied to measure annual and monthly precipitation data at 38 stations for the period of 1967 to 2005 in the study area. The results are compared by estimation of the data for some stations in the region. The results showed that different methods of interpolation should be used with care considering some local characteristics that affect the climatic variables. In this case study, universal Kriging had the best performance among different interpolation techniques. Based on the best results of conventional and Kriging methods in this study, the locations of some new stations are proposed.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
1
no.
2010
1
9
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15792_3fb07383658110a01cce708628eb445b.pdf
Applying Fourier and Wavelet Transforms to Extract Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph
text
article
2010
per
This paper applies the discrete wavelet transform to decompose the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) into low and high frequency bands. The fast Fourier transform exploits to extract IUH from observed rainfall – runoff data. It is estimated the oscillations of IUH by wavelet coefficients and coefficients that are close to zero are set to zero. The obtained result is a hydrograph with the information of low frequency that approximates the real IUH. Calibration criteria between observed and calculated hydrographs are used to select the best filter length in wavelet. In this research, it is demonstrated that wavelets introduced by Daubechies (1992) with filter length 6 is the best alternative in this study. The results have shown that the methodology is acceptable for the system identification of rainfall – runoff for small catchments.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
1
no.
2010
27
35
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15802_132b3a5a1aace3807ca2f89707f3ea7e.pdf