Preface
Mohammad
Karamouz
author
text
article
2010
per
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
2
no.
2010
0
1
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_16033_36010052d0c24ae57eaab1f92909809f.pdf
Multiobjective Waste Load Allocation Using Multicolony Ant Algorithm
H
Hosseinzadeh
PhD student, Civil and Environmental Dep., Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
author
A
Afshar
Professor, Civil and Environmental Dep., Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
author
F
Sharifi
PhD student, Civil and Environmental Dep., Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2010
per
In this research, the capability of a multicolony Ant Colony Optimization algorithm is applied to multiobjective waste load allocation problem. In order to derive nondominated solutions, three different models are used. Two of them are biobjective and the remaining one is a three-objective model. In the first model, minimization of cost and DO violation along the stream flow is considered as multi objective optimization problem, while for the second case, minimization of the cost and equity is investigated. For the third optimization problem, minimization of cost along with equity and DO violation are considered. For the all case studies, the Pareto front is derived which enhances the decision maker to choose one which more suitable for him/her according to the priorities. The case study is the Wilmate river in Oregon State of US. The following research shows the capability of NA-ACO in multiobjective optimization of waste load allocation problem. According to the discrete pattern of decision variables in the ACO algorithm, it can be easily map to practical waste load allocation problems
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
2
no.
2010
1
13
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15794_fd1f3d456590bd1478e83bfc3b29d4d8.pdf
A Model for Reservoir Operation Based on the Game Theory
M
Homayounfar
Graduate student, Water Engineering Dep., College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
author
A
Ganji
Assistant Professor, Dep. of Desert Region Management, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
author
D
Khalili
Associate Professor, Water Engineering Dep., College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
author
A.A
Mousavi
Associate Professor, Water Engineering Dep., College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
author
text
article
2010
per
Increasing water demands have formed challenges and conflicts over the limited water resources. The existing optimization models have limitations in resolving such conflict problems. In recent years a few discrete stochastic dynamic models have attempted to solve cases of water use (conflicts) so that more efficient water distribution management can be achieved. These models have to some extent addressed the conflict issues of water resources. However, they still do not cover certain constraints, and also require complicated procedures and massive computational efforts. The discrete nature of these models seems to be the limiting factor. In order to resolve these shortcomings, in this research a continuous dynamic deterministic game model is proposed to manage water supply and consumption under challenging conditions. Continuous value functions (long term), utility functions (short terms), and equation of motion are defined in the proposed model. The mathematical equations are formed in a way to decrease the computational time. For this purpose the Ricatti equations are used to solve the proposed continuous stochastic game model. The proposed model is applied to the Zayandeh-rud river basin in central Iran. The results are quite favorable compared to the Dynamic Programming (DP) model outcomes.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
2
no.
2010
14
26
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15797_af0788a01e9160ef713865db193878d3.pdf
Applying Fourier and Wavelet Transforms to Extract Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph
A
Ghiami Bajgirani
Ph.D. Student of Civil - Water and Hydraulic, Ferdowsi University of Mashad, Mashad, Iran
author
M.B
Sharifi
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil, Faculty of Eng., Ferdowsi University of Mashad, Mashad, Iran.
author
M
F. Maghrebi
Associate Professor, Department of Civil, Faculty of Eng., Ferdowsi University of Mashad, Mashad, Iran
author
A
Arefijamaal
Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Tarbiat Moallem University of Sabzevar, Sabzevar, Iran.
author
text
article
2010
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This paper applies the discrete wavelet transform to decompose the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) into low and high frequency bands. The fast Fourier transform exploits to extract IUH from observed rainfall – runoff data. It is estimated the oscillations of IUH by wavelet coefficients and coefficients that are close to zero are set to zero. The obtained result is a hydrograph with the information of low frequency that approximates the real IUH. Calibration criteria between observed and calculated hydrographs are used to select the best filter length in wavelet. In this research, it is demonstrated that wavelets introduced by Daubechies (1992) with filter length 6 is the best alternative in this study. The results have shown that the methodology is acceptable for the system identification of rainfall – runoff for small catchments
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
2
no.
2010
27
35
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15803_74451083402ccf2c2935446ce11da620.pdf
Assessment of Household Water Saving Due to Using Water-Efficient Fixtures and Faucets
A
Maleki Nasab
M.Sc. in Water Engineering, Rayab Consulting Engineers Co., Tehran, Iran
author
M
Tabesh
Associate Professor, Center of Excellence for Engineering and Management of Infrastructures, School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
author
M
Ghalibaf Sarshoori
M.Sc. in Environmental Engineering, Rayab Consulting Engineers Co., Tehran, Iran,
author
text
article
2010
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Water resources management bodies are under increasing pressure to meet potable water demands. Population growth and socio-economic development have led to the increase in urban water consumption and costly development and improvement of the water-wastewater systems. Therefore, there is a need to integrate the water resources supply and demand management measures. The main part of the urban water demand is residential consumption. One of the most effective residential water conservation measures can be the use of water-efficient fixtures and faucets. In this study, decrease in water consumption is evaluated due to the use of single handle faucets and water-saving fixtures including low-flow showerheads and aerators in sample households in the city of Shandiz, Iran. An appropriate sample size of 23 households was selected using a two-stage sampling technique. To gauge the end-uses of residential water such as toilets, showers, and lavatories, separated measuring devices were installed for each receiving part. For the base condition the daily end-uses of selected households were recorded for 9 days with their traditional faucets. Water-efficient fixtures and faucets were then installed and water consumption was measured for another 9-day period. Results indicated that installing water-efficient faucets, aerators, and showerheads can reduce total consumption of water in the Shandiz residential sector by about 26 percent arising from a 27 to 34 percent reduction in different end-uses. The cost-effectiveness of a retrofit project for households in Shandiz City is also evaluated in this study. The results indicated that the benefit to cost ratio for the project is greater than 2.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
2
no.
2010
36
45
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15804_b5ce02e27411753568731d7920c8d926.pdf
Application of Analytical Network Process (ANP) for Prioritize Shrimp Culture Sites
J
M. V. Samani
Professor of water resources department, Tarbiat modares university, Tehran, Iran
author
M
Delavar
PhD candidate of water structures engineering, Tarbiat modares university, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2010
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The aim of this paper is to present an evolution method to prioritize and select appropriate shrimp culture sites in south coasts of Iran based on their vulnerability to flood damage. The Analytic Network Process (ANP) was applied to this problem. Analytic Network Process (ANP), is a mathematical extension of the AHP theory based on the super matrix approach. This method is a flexible analytical approach that enables decision makers to find the best possible solutions to complex problems by breaking down a problem into a systematic network of the various levels and attributes. One of the major advantages of this method is that it considers the interrelations between different levels of decision as well as the interconnection of the decisions in one level. Accordingly in this study the vulnerability of the sites to flood damage is analyzed based on the different flood attributes along with the relative significance of those factors. This is being override in conventional decision making methods such as AHP. In this study the alternatives are prioritized based on a feed-back interrelated decision structure.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
2
no.
2010
46
56
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15816_dfbdabc8a188a8505487c7c6a8e6b800.pdf
Relationship between Frequency of Transverse Waves and Characteristics of Flow and Obstacles in Open Channels
R
Azizi
Ph. D. Candidate, Dept. of Hydraulic Structures, Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
author
M
Ghomeshi
Professor, Dept. of Hydraulic Structures, Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
author
text
article
2010
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When the fluid flow passes through a cluster of rigid vertical cylinders, the overlap of shear layers and vortex resulted from the separation of the streamlines around each rod leads in the surface waves. These waves are categorized in three groups of standing oscillatory, transverse waves, and linear waves. The present study focused on this phenomenon based on laboratory tests in a rectangular flume. Wooden rods 0.35 meter in height and 0.025 meter in diameter are placed in the flow path screwed on the bottom of the laboratory flume. By changing the hydraulic conditions of the flow, four types of surface waves are observed across the laboratory flume. In the condition of wave resonance, there is a direct relationship between the wavelength and the width of laboratory flume. The current study compares the frequency of the waves for the in-line and staggered arrangements of rods. Moreover by using dimensional analysis and SPSS software, two equations are proposed for determination of frequency of free surface transverse wave generated by vortex shedding in open channels.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
2
no.
2010
57
65
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15826_6ef295dc3a67f643098b2891fc211b38.pdf
Synoptic Analysis of Flood Generating Systems in the Southern Part of Iran
A
Parandeh Khozani
Senior Expert of Climatology in Esfahan Meteorology Bureau
author
H
Lashkari
Associate Professor, Department of Geography,Faculty of Earth Sciences , Shahid Beheshti University, Iran
author
text
article
2010
per
Flood is one of the most destructive natural disasters that have historically done considerable harm to humans. Unfortunately nowadays despite great technological improvements, there is still no acceptable prevention method for this natural phenomenon. This is mainly due to lack of knowledge or the limited facility in this field. The main aim of this article is to recognize the patterns of synoptic systems leading to the torrential rainfall in the south of Iran in order to predict the showers that lead to floods. These patterns also helps the better use of the torrential rainfall. Twenty major flood events were selected according to the high discharge, the daily rainfalls, and the related damages. The synoptic maps were investigated and were classified into four different groups regarding their arrangement, patterns, extensions, and the movement directions. With synoptic analysis of severe storms that lead to heavy rains and torrential rainfall, we could realize that these storms are mainly caused (influenced) by strengthening the center of Sudan heat low and Red Sea convergence zone. We also showed that sometimes these storms are caused by simultaneous merging of the Sudan heat low system and the Mediterranean frontal system changing into a dynamic or thermodynamic system.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
2
no.
2010
66
73
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15827_492611560eec179e2326517241bbf683.pdf
Evaluating the Water and Wastewater Enterprises in Provincial Water Sector Using Mathematical Programming Model
J
Rezaee
M.A. in Economics, Faculty member of institue for trade studies & research
author
H
Eydmohammadzadeh
M.A. in Economics, Faculty member of allameh mohadese noori
author
M
Faghihnasiri
- Ph.D. in Economics, Assistant professor the university of payame noor
author
A
Garshasbi
M.A. in Economics, expert of deputy Ministry for planning and economic affairs
author
text
article
2010
per
According to definitions in economical literature, efficiency means maximum output with a definite amount of input or minimum input with a definite amount of output. In general, there are two main approches for measuring efficiency; Parametric method and Non-parametric method. In this paper, the performance efficiency of the Iranian Provincial Water and Wastewater Enterprises is evaluated using the Nonparametric method which is based on mathematical programming methods. The main advantage of data envelopment analysis in comparison with other methods is to evaluate the efficiency of units that have several input and output. In this paper, according to output and input data for the Iranian year of 1385, the efficiency of Enterprises in different provinces were evaluated considering the constant return to scale and the variable return to scale. The results showed that, subject to the constant return to scale, the nine provinces of Hamedan, Markazi, Southern Khorasan, Sistan and Balochestan, Mazandaran, Zanjan, Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad, Qazvin, and Tehran have the highest efficiencies with the average of 79 percent. For the second assumption, Kerman, Fras, Semnan, and Ilam are the efficient provinces with the average efficiency of 86 percent. Finally, the operation of Hamedan Water and Wastewater Enterprise is considered as a pattern that other inefficient enterprises should follow.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
2
no.
2010
74
82
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15828_bbd6e079fa7981396fecc3870391f09c.pdf
Experimental Study of Vortex Flow Phenomena in Orifice Spillways (Case study: Karun III Dam)
S.R
Khodashenas
Assistant professor, Department of Water Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
H
Sarkardeh
Senior Researcher in Hydraulic structures unit, Water Research Institute of Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran
author
M
Marosi
M.Sc. in Water structures, Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
author
K
Safavi
Senior Researcher in Hydraulic structures unit, Water Research Institute of Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2010
per
Formation of Vortices is one of the serious problems in dam operation. In the present work, to study the vortex and its effects on orifice spillways of Karun III dam in southwestern Iran, partial (with only one orifice) physical models were constructed. Regarding to the special conditions in orifice spillways (changing discharge by changing the reservoir elevation) this study showed that when a decrease in reservoir elevation occurs, first strong vortices take place and after reaching a maximum value the strength of these vortices decreases. This research also showed that, by increase in vortex strength, the discharge coefficient may reduce down to 10 percent. Measuring the critical submerged depth showed that among theoretical methods, Gordon and Knauss have better results.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
6
v.
2
no.
2010
83
85
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15829_6e1e415e13a879e0e8c433682eb592f2.pdf