Preface
M.F.
Fasihi Harandi
A postdoctoral researcher in the Governance and Water Diplomacy at Tufts University in Massachusetts
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2016
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Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
v.
3
no.
2016
0
1
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_41248_898039cf01c5defea0dac25801caae72.pdf
Analysis of changes in the Bakhtegan lake water body under the influence of natural and human factors
M.H.
Bagheri
Graduate of Water Resources Engineering, Department of Water Resources Engineering, TMU, Tehran, Iran.
author
A.
Bagheri
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Gh. A.
Sohooli
Graduate of Water Resources Engineering, Department of Water Resources Engineering, TMU, Tehran, Iran
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2016
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Bakhtegan Lake, as the other lakes and wetlands, depends entirely on the state of water resources of the basin. The lake has been dried up since few years ago. It is believed that the lake has dried up because of the periods of drought events. Meanwhile, there is another hypothesis that the lake has dried up due to anthropogenic activities such as the increased water exploitation in the upstream as well as the effects of two large dams named Mollasadra and Sivand.The present paper aims to assess separately the effect of above factors on the changes in Bakhtegan Lake from 1956 till 2014. The assessment was carried out using the Landsat satellite images and also by analyzing rainfall and discharge data collected by the Ministry of Energy throughout the lake basin including Kor River. To determine the amount of changes in the lake water volume, the maximum likelihood classification method in order to classify images, and also post-processing comparison method for verification of classified landuse of Bakhtegan Lake and its surrounding area were adopted. The results showed that the reduced rainfall, and more importantly, the increase in the irrigated cultivated area in the upstream of the basin, which has resulted in increased water consumption, can be identified as the main causes of the lake drying up. The second factor has caused the problem of water shortage due to drought to be transformed into a water crisis.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
v.
3
no.
2016
1
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https://www.iwrr.ir/article_41333_d09c1f0a0d23d7129e64add523f1acf9.pdf
The strategic cooperation between Iran and Afghanistan in Helmand Basin to allocate more water to environment and control opium cultivation using game theory approach
محبوبه
زارع زاده
دانشجوی دکترا
author
سعید
مرید
استاد دانشگاه
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فرشاد
فاطمی
استاد دانشگاه
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کاوه
مدنی
استاد دانشگاه
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2016
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The challenges between Iran and Afghanistan have different aspects. Definitely, the production of opium in Afghanistan and saving the environment of the eastern Iran are the most important ones. Notably that water consumption is the common point between these two challenges. This research work aims to assess a new approach in the relation between Iran and Afghanistan using the sequential and issue linkage methods of game theory. For this a number of incentives like transfer of agricultural technologies are evaluated for possible decrease in opium cultivation, increase in inflows to Iran and simultaneously achieving more payoff for Afghanistan. The results show that the successfulness of this strategic is highly dependent of opium price. Such that it is only efficient up to $200 per kg of opium price and for the higher prices, its capacity reduces drastically. The research highlights how issue linkage can be useful in international relations to solve a long lasting transboundary water conflict and achievement of a win-win solution for the riparian parties.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
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3
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2016
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https://www.iwrr.ir/article_85618_32ee25b55ada78bef74739ba029fe9f6.pdf
Modeling Welfare Effects of Market-Based Regional Allocation in Compared with Administrative Allocation by Developing Cooperative Game; Case Study
N.
Safari
Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz.
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M.
Zarghami
Associate Prof. Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Iran.
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D.
Behboudi
Prof. Dept. of Economic, Management and Commerce, University of Tabriz
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M.T.
Alami
Prof. Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz
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2016
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In order to supply reliable water, to prioritized demands, a comprehensive plan is needed. In this paper, the allocation of water resources in a basin is evaluated using two methods of administrative and market-based mechanisms. The study area is Balikhlichay river basin in Ardabil province. First, in the administrative allocation, a nonlinear optimization model has been developed to maximize the net benefit of farmers, taking into account the system constraints. At this stage, the area of crops, the optimum amount of water and the shadow prices are in each region have been obtained. Secondly, in the market-based allocation, optimization model has been developed by maximization of the economic value of irrigation water and defining tradable water rights. In order to reallocate the market benefits and establish a sustainable market, the concept of the cooperative game and Shapley value is then utilized. The benefits of the market are equitably distributed in a different coalition of consumers. The volume of water trades and the final allocated water are decision variables. The benefits of all consumers in the market will increase by cooperative game. Results indicate that water market in the Balikhlichay region can improve water use efficiency. The results show that the market leads to trading about 18% of water rights among farmers in this region. Additionally, the results obtained in this paper show that the market would increase farmers profitability by to 9%.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
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2016
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https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15815_511c5ce680612acb85d6835fcf50192c.pdf
Economic Assessment of Technical Infrastructure Implementation of an Agricultural Water Market, A Case Study: Part of the Mahyar Irrigation Network
A.
Ahmadi
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, Email:
author
M.A.
Zolfagharipoor
Ph.D. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
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A.R.
Nikouei
Assistance Professor, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Isfahan, Iran.
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M.Y.
Dorreali
M.Sc., Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
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2016
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One of the most efficient approaches for water demand management is consideration the economic aspects such as water markets. After establishing social and legal frameworks, providing an appropriate technical infrastructure is essential for entering applicants to water market. Therefore, this paper aims to implement technical infrastructure for organizing water market in five neighboring farms, located in the Mahyar irrigation network in the Zayanderoud river basin. In this study, using an optimization model a new cultivation pattern and water exchanged volume among farms per month has been determined. The objective function consists of maximizing farmer’s profit and constraints consist of water, farm and stock constraints. For evaluating different technical methods of groundwater transmission, associated costs of two transmission approaches, surface pumping and shared aquifer, are considered as input to the model. The model is implemented and executed at drought condition. In this condition, surface water subtracted from the legal water rights of farmers. Results showed that by establishing water market, farmer return increases 28 percent comparing to the base situation. Also water exchanged volume in the market is 47 percent of consumption water which shows the high cooperation of farmers in market in order to more optimal water allocation.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
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3
no.
2016
35
49
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_16518_3c992f531c51562d67cae8e9a2bc0bff.pdf
Study of Environmental Performance Criteria in Karkheh Reservoir with Enhanced Model of CE-QUAL-W2 (V3.72)
M.
Saadatpour
Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. Email:
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A.
Heravi
M. Sc. Graduate of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Environment, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
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2016
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Nowadays, water quality simulation models help the experts to evaluate future potential scenarios according to extensive various conditions. The enhanced version of CE-QUAL-W2 (V3.72), 2D hydrodynamic and water quality model, helps the managers to find potential optimal solutions in downstream water temperature managements, determination of suitable aquatic habitat volume, and evaluation of environmental performance criteria according to various reservoir operation scenarios. In this research, Karkheh reservoir has been studied. Providing suitable water temperature in March to May as downstream fish spawning months through the automatic selection of withdrawal port, survey the habitat volume of biological valuable river fishes (Glyptothorax Silviae and Leuciscus cephalus), and evaluation the environmental performance criteria (temperature and water quality parameters) have been studied according to various reservoir operation scenarios. Also the effects of probable pisciculture activity in Karkheh reservoir have been studied considering Phosphorus and Chla indices. The results show automatic selection of withdraw ports in Karkheh reservoir could improve downstream water temperature in 0.86ᵒC. Evaluation of environmental performance criteria indicates high priority of scenario 1 compared with other scenarios.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
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3
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2016
50
64
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_16517_7c14bbeff5a3cef1b371b0e9c0bb595a.pdf
Improvement the Watershed Modeling with Aggregation of the Main Hydrological Components Using SWAT Model
R.
Moazenzadeh
Assistant Professor, Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Iran. Email: romo_sci@shahroodut.ac.ir
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B.
Ghahraman
Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Email: bijangh@um.ac.ir
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S.
Arshad
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Guilan University, Iran
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K.
Davary
Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
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2016
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More accurate knowledge of the water balance components in the watersheds will help a better understanding of hydrological behavior of the watersheds. In this study, the effect of two components, river discharges and actual evapotranspiration were investigated on the Neyshabour (9500 km2) watershed modeling using SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool). First, SWAT with the river discharges values and then with the combination of river discharges and actual evapotranspiration obtained based on remote sensing was calibrated and its performance in predicting of these components in a separate time period was validated. The sensitivity analysis results showed that parameters such as available water content, soil evaporation compensation coefficient and plant uptake compensation factor were the most sensitive to changes of input model parameters. The results showed that the root mean square error for river discharges prediction on the validation period in three hydrometric stations named Andarab, Kharve Majmoo’ and Hossein Abad was varied between 0.06 to 0.19 m3/s and 0.02 to 0.09 m3/s for the models calibrated based on river discharges and combination of river discharges and actual evapotranspiration, respectively. But the use of both mentioned components, river discharge and actual evapotranspiration, was prominent in predicting actual evapotranspiration. Root mean square error for actual evapotranspiration prediction in three selected subbasins was varied between 10 to 18.52 mm/month and 6.84 to 7.82 mm/month for the models calibrated based on river discharges and combination of river discharges and actual evapotranspiration, respectively.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
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3
no.
2016
65
79
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_32121_8d6d293c44025228b21798ead26dab28.pdf
Effect of Likelihood Function Choice for Estimating Uncertainty of HEC-HMS Flood Simulation Model Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Algorithm
M
Nourali
Ph.D. Candidate of Irrigation and Drainage, International Campus, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
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B
Ghahraman
Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
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M
Pourreza Bilondi
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, College of Agricultural, University of Birjand, Iran
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K
Davary
Ferdowsi Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
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2016
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In the present study, DREAM(ZS), Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis combined is used to investigate uncertainty of parameters of the HEC-HMS model in Tamar watershed (1530 km2), Golestan province. In order to assess the uncertainty of 24 parameters used in HMS, three flood events were used to calibrate and one flood event was used to validate the posterior distributions. Moreover, performance of five different likelihood functions (L1–L5) was assessed by means of DREAM(ZS) approach. Three likelihood functions, L1–L3 is considered as informal, whereas remaining (L4 and L5) is represented in formal category. Likelihood function L1 is Nash–Sutcliffe (NS) efficiency. L2 is based on minimum mean square error. L3 uses estimation of model error variance and L4 focuses on the relationship between the traditional least squares fitting and the Bayesian inference. Finally, in likelihood function L5, serial dependence of residual errors is accounted using a first-order autoregressive (AR) model of the residuals. According to the results, sensitivities of the parameters strongly depend on the likelihood function, and vary for different likelihood functions. Most of the parameters were better defined by likelihood functions L4 and L5 and showed a high sensitivity to model performance. By calculating uncertainty assessment indicator (P-factor), 95% total prediction uncertainty ranges covers 75–100% of observed data.Considering all the statistical indicators and criteria of uncertainty assessment, including RMSE, KGE, NS, P-factor and R-factor, results showed that DREAM(ZS) algorithm performed better under formal likelihood functions L4 and L5.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
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3
no.
2016
80
98
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_32618_1c63e5457b9a9c840ce8fc6112002dda.pdf
Using Water Footprint Accounting for Optimizing Crop Patterns Respecting Sustainable Development (Case Study: Qazvin Plain)
A.
Shokoohi
Professor, Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Imam Khomeini International University, Iran
author
H.
Ramezani Etedali
Assistant professor, Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Imam Khomeini International University, Iran.
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S. A.
Mojtabavi
M.Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Imam Khomeini International University, Iran
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V.P.
Singh
Distinguished Professor and Caroline & William N. Lehrer Distinguished Chair in Water Engineering, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
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2016
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Agriculture, as the main water consumer in Qazvin plain, has attracted the most attention to itself. In this study, water accounting and virtual water trade concepts used for determination of optimal crop pattern in Qazvin plain for better agricultural water management. The results showed that total water footprints and water resources footprints are about 2053 and 1411 MCM/year for 2003-2014, respectively. About 49.8, 55.5 and 55.0 percent of virtual water footprint, water resources footprint and net benefit were due to agricultural product export, respectively. Stopping exporting main crops of the plain increased the average economical water footprint from 707.2 to 780.3 m3/ million rials. Stopping main crops exportation not only increased the net benefit per unit of water, but also decreased it. Twelve scenarios defined to determine crop patterns while emphasing on the current cultivation area, net benefit and water resources saving. Closest scenarios to the current crop pattern and cultivataed area, i.e. senarios 9 and 11, saved 23.3 and 23.8 percent of the region’s water resources. These two scenarios improved economical water footprint up to 521.3 and 503.7m3 per one million rials, respectively.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
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3
no.
2016
99
113
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_32628_625ccfd0d7b9b2a898663f787a201e31.pdf
Network analysis of organizational stakeholders on water resource management in Garmsar plain
V.
Jafarian
Ph.D. Student of Combat Desertification, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
M.
Yazdani
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
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M.
Rahimi
Professor, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
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M.
Ghorbani
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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2016
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In participatory approach of water resources management, understanding organizational stakeholders can be consider as one of the fundamental requirements. Stakeholders network analysis method as a comprehensive and analytical approach can reveal role and situation of stakeholder and allows us to study how patterns of relations and interactions among various stakeholders in a multi-actor and multi-purpose system, can influence and frame activities and outcomes of water resource management. This study aims to analyze network data exchange between organizations involved in Garmsar plain water resources management in Semnan province. In this regard, first of all 29 institutions related to water resources management identified based on ecological and network bunderis and then through semi-structured interviews, exchange of information and cooperation ties among stakeholders was calculated based on degree centrality, eigenvector centrality and beta centrality which represents the highest power and fame, influence and potential control of each organization in the water resource management network. The results showed the imbalance of power structures among stakeholders for establish water resources participatory management in the study site.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
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3
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2016
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129
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_32635_add34c5ae82aea8dc7b318d572ed60f3.pdf
Investigate the potential of multi spectral satellite data for water depth and lake neighbor area mapping (case study: Chah nimeh reservoirs in Sistan)
V.
Rahdari
PhD Student in Environemtal Planning, Ishahan University of Technology, Lecturer in Zabol university, Iran.
author
S.
Maleki
PhD Student in Environemtal Planning, Ishahan University of Technology, Lecturer in Zabol university, Iran
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M.
Rahdari
Lecturer, Project Management Group, Payam-e Noor University, Sistan and Balochestan Center, Iran.
author
S.
Mahomoudi
PhD in Climetology, Sistan and Balochestan Environment Conservation Administration, Iran
author
N.
Pormollaei
PhD Student in Environment, Science and Research Unit, Azad University, Sistan and Balochestan Environment Conservation Administration, Iran
author
M.R.
Alimoradi
PhD Student in Climate Change, Hakim Sabzevari Uinversity, Sistan and Balochestan Environment Conservation Administration, Iran.
author
E.
Abtin
MSc. in Environment, Sistan and Balochestan Environment Conservation Administration, Zabol, Iran
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M.
Kadkhodae
Ms of Rangeland, Sistan and Balochestan Environment Conservation administration
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S.
Pormanafi
Faculty Member, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Ishahan University of Technology, Iran
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2016
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Due to limited water resources, monitoring quantity of water in order to programming for different usage of water and also deposition monitoring is necessary. In this study for producing chah nimeh water reservoir depth map and area around lake, OLI sensor data from LANDSAT-8 satellite for Jan 2015 were used. At first, Attended by boat water depths were measured with meter. Water indices such as MNDWI, NDWI, AWEL, WRI and NDMI were generated using satellite data. By running simple linear regression between each index and field study data description coefficient R2 for water depth was calculated. finally water depth map was produced using MNDWI index which has highest R2 equal to 0/85. Using MNDWI index water model, depth measuring results and image classification methods water map and other area around lake, map was produced using hybrid classification method. Results have shown 4-6m level depth has highest area in the lake. Map accuracy was assessed with producing error matrix that has acceptable accuracy. Results have shown that with increasing water depth map accuracy is reduced but Z-TEST analysis has shown that in 0.01 level there was no significant difference between lowest depth map and deep water map accuracy.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
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3
no.
2016
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141
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_17578_b5aeea860e862805ec030cd79fa04267.pdf
Drainage System Design by Multi-Objective Algorithm NSGA-II with
Economic and Environmental Approach
H.
Mazandarani Zadeh
Assistant Professor, Water Sciences and Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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2016
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Salinity control and bog elimination is the most important reasons for agricultural land drainage. Drainage pipe installation depth, diameter and spacing are the important decision variables in subsurface drainage system design. Drain discharge to environment is the main complication of this system. Since the reduction of environment suicides leads to amplification of executive costs, the aim of this study is to present a model ,to define the design parameters, that not only economic objective (executive costs) to be considered but also environmental issues (increase the quality of drainage water) to be addressed. Due to different nature of economic and environmental objectives, NSGA II which is appropriate to solve multi-objective problems has been employed. For this purpose Agro-Industry Salman Farsi was chosen as a case study. Results show both economic and environmental goals, along with sustainable development, will be achieved simultaneously by the depth of pipes between 1.3 to 1.8, distance between 30 to 80 meters and 0.1 meter for pipe diameter.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
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3
no.
2016
142
152
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_17577_cf458c376a8c07e9f055bacb10d28b56.pdf
Impact of Drought on Groundwater Quality and Groundwater Level in Qorveh-Chardoli Plain
F.
Asadzadeh
Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran
author
M.
Kaki
M.Sc. Alumni, Department of Water Engineering, University of Tabriz, Iran
author
S.
Shakiba
M.Sc. Alumni, Department of Geology, Urmia University, Iran
author
B.
Raei
Ph.D. Student, Department of Soil Science, University of Tabriz, Iran
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text
article
2016
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Considering the climatic condition of the Iran, drought is an inevitable phenomenon. However, the probability of the drought occurrence would be predicted using the recorded meteorological data. Due to the drought importance, and its impact on groundwater resources, in this study, the influence of drought on groundwater quality and ground water table of Qorveh-Chardoli plain was evaluated during the recent 25 years period. Monthly precipitation data (1987-2013) were applied to calculate the standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) which was used to find the drought and wet years. Groundwater quality was also determined using electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio and considering the Wilcox diagram. Kriging map of the water quality and water table were produced for wet and drought years. Groundwater quality of the Qurveh-Chardoli aquifer were classified as C2S1 and C3S1. There was not a significant change in the water quality even during the wet period with raising water table. Groundwater level has changed 29.35m (increasing) and 13.39m(decreasing) during the drought and wet periods, respectively. The overall rate of the water level decreasing during the study period was 49 cmyear-1. The greatest decrease in water level were observed for eastern and southern parts of the plain.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
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3
no.
2016
153
165
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_32629_5469d9abf2f3883a3d13ca1002cfdaaf.pdf
Effects of irrigation water quotation on cropping pattern andfarmers' gross margin in Amol region
K.
Mirzaei
M.Sc. Graduated of Agricultural Economics,
author
M.
Ahmadpour borazjani
Assistant Professor, Agricultural Economics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
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text
article
2016
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In recent decades, increasing population pressures, improved living standards and increasing demand for environmental quality, have urged the government to manage water resources efficiently, provide better solutions. Since agriculture is the largest consumer of water, therefore, providing water resource management practices and codification correct policies in this sector is necessary. In the present study, the economic analysis of the effects of irrigation quota on cropping patterns and gross profit farmers Amol city using positive mathematical programming model was studied. The model was developed by using data of cropping season of 2013-14 and for areas of the county that has been irrigated agriculture (Dashtesar, Marandeh, raeisabad and Oskumahaleh).To achieve goals, in first; the production function with constant elasticity of substitution and then Quadratic cost functionwas includedin the positive mathematical programming models. The results illustrated that water rationing policy will lead to reduced acreage of irrigated agricultural products in Amol county. But the canola in the Dashtesar, Marandeh and RaeisAbad and clover crop in the Oskumahaleh area had the most decreasing Comparedwith other crops. Also, the results of theappliedwater rationing showed increasing acreage products with high profit and low water requirements, such as rice and maize crops in all regions with irrigated agriculture in the Amol County.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
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3
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2016
166
179
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_15300_af1c6b280ddfca34d2c1e494465fdeab.pdf
Experimental Investigation on the Effects of Selective Withdrawal Gate on Venting of Turbid Density Current
M.
Zayeri
Ph.D Student of Hydraulic Structures, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran.
author
M.
Ghomeshi
Professor, Faculty of Water Structures Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
author
M.
Shafaei Bajestan
Professor, Faculty of Water Structures Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
author
A.
Fathi
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Water Structures Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
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text
article
2016
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Turbidity currents are one of factors affecting in sedimentation and reducing the water capacity of reservoirs and useful life of dams. Opening bottom gates is a conventional method of this currents venting and preservation of the useful volume of the reservoir. Choose a suitable height of gate on the dam has variety of applications in the management of reservoirs that can have a major impact on the water quality. So this study have tried to investigate the effect of selective withdrawal gate on venting of turbid density current through reservoir’s outlet. For this purpose Four gates established at height of 5, 15, 25 and 40 percent compared to the depth of the ambient fluid on a wall in the end of flume. The Turbidity current input with concentrations of 5, 15 and 30 g/L were injected with a constant volume flow rate. The results show when the position of the gate is placed at 5 percent of the fluid depth, the amount of output concentration averagely 10 percent higher than of input concentration of turbidity current. with increasing duration of keeping open the outlate gates, venting efficiency will increasing of 40 percent.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
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3
no.
2016
180
188
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_16430_1dd5f6a195ec8b318ab2454f4682c26d.pdf
Efficiency of power regression model for stable bankfull hydraulic geometry (a case study: Tarwal Basin)
K.
Osati
Assistant professor, Dept. of Range and Watershed Management, College of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Iran.
author
H.
Nayyeri
Assistant professor, Dept. of Geomorphology, College of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Iran
author
P.
Osmani
Graduated student (M.Sc.) in Natural Hazards, Dept. of Geomorphology, College of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan
author
text
article
2016
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The development of hydraulic geometry relationships has utility in different applications such as stream restoration design and hydrological modeling. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop regional relationships for formulizing bankfull channel dimensions of Tarwal basin by drainage area, as an independent variable. Several fieldworks, focused on Chameh Sis, Sangeh Siah, Ozon Dareh tributaries as well as main channel of Tarwal River, were conducted between 4 -19 November 2015. Twenty-two stable-channel cross sections used to formulize bankfull channel dimensions by drainage area. Our results indicated that piecewise models is the best model for relating bankfull channel dimensions to drainage area. Relative Root Mean Squared Error (RRMSE) values>0.4 resulted for simple power regression models for channel bankfull dimensions versus drainage area relationships reveal that simple power regression models were not suitable for predicting hydraulic geometry. Although there were no ideal model to estimate bankfull channel dimensions in basins larger than 1165 Km2. This may be a result of significant changes in rainfall- runoff relationships or the influences of anthropogenic disturbances in large basins. Our results provide useful data for stream restoration as well as water structure design.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
v.
3
no.
2016
189
200
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_17588_7110193af88c8801ff74d61512e93952.pdf
Performance evaluation of some statistical and soft computing models to predict river flow
H.
Moeeni
MSc Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
author
H.
Bonakdari
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
author
S.
Abdolahi
Department of Civil Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Regarding to the water resources reduction especially in Iran, the river flow forecasting has been very important and it is necessary to use the best methods. For this purpose, there are several linear and nonlinear methods. As monthly linearity and nonlinearity of inflow detection is difficult, in this study the performance of some linear and nonlinear models to predict the monthly flow of Jamishan river in Kermanshah province was investigated. These models include autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). In using of ARIMA model with considering five parameters of any kind, all possible models were evaluated. For ANFIS and ANN models with determination of 14 different input combinations, the best models were identified. The capability of obtained models in the long-term time flow prediction was also assessed. The results revealed that ANFIS model is more capable compare to ANN in identification of effective time delays on flow. This model is also more accurate than other models in peak values prediction. Unlike it, ARIMA models showed high capability in prediction of low values. Studies indicated that all three models can be used for long-term time as well.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
v.
3
no.
2016
201
206
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_14644_fd9efc5e78ec127175c3f6f1acf0dedf.pdf
Study of Water Quality of Aras River Using Physico-Chemical Variables
E.
Solgi
Assistant Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Iran. Email: e.solgi@malayeru.ac.ir
author
H.
Sheikhzadeh
M.Sc. Student of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
per
Confidence of water quality is of prime importance before its use for drinking, agricultural, industrial or recreational purpose. The assessment of river water quality is an important element in the evaluation of water resources. The present study investigates the water quality of Aras River to provide an overview of the relationship and sources of physicochemical variables. A total of 20 samples were taken in the Aras River at 10 stations that 10 water samples were used for the analysis of heavy metals and 10 water samples for nitrate, nitrite, Na, Ca, K, pH, EC and TDS variables. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery, Spectrophotometer, Flame Photometer and pH and EC Meter were used for measuring of water quality variables. The results showed that the mean concentration of nitrate, nitrite, sodium, potassium, calcium, TDS in the Aras River were 297, 0.57, 67.3, 6.4, 57.4, 1014.73 mg/l respectively and for lead and cadmium 0.07, 0.61 µg/l. Also the mean value of electrical conductivity was 1254.3 µs/cm and the mean value of pH was 8.22. The concentration of nitrate, nitrite and electrical conductivity were higher than the WHO standard and other variables were less than or within the WHO standard. It seems that municipal wastewater and agricultural runoff are important factors affecting water quality.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
v.
3
no.
2016
207
213
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_41249_ce26713bea259b665e77db1f29827746.pdf
Analytical and Numerical Modelling of Unconfined Steady State Seepage in Curved Canal with Semicircle Cross Section
S.H.
Mojtahedi
Department of Civil Engineering, Asrar Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
author
H.
Dehestani
Department of Civil Engineering, Quchan University of Advanced Technology, Quchan, Iran.
author
M.
Kadkhoday Balghour
TOOS-AB Consulting Engineering Co., Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
In this study the analytical and numerical methods have been presented for computing the unconfined steady state seepage velocity from a curved canal with semicircle cross section which . The analytical solution of seepage from curved canals has not generalized because the difficulty of conformal mappimg of their cross sections. In the present study, velocity hodograph and schwarz- christoffel transformations have been used. Then the computation of analytical solution of seepage velocity performed in which the drainage layer has lied in infinite depth. Along with the analytical solution, a numerical modeling based on finite elements has been used by commercial software SEEP/W. However approximate solutions by numerical methods have gained importance because of availability of high-speed digital computers along with specialized softwares. The verification of numerical modeling was performed by using the result of available analytical solution of seepage discharge from a trapezoidal canal cross section.The results show that numerical method has an acceptable accuracy in comparison with analytical solution and can be used to estimate seepage velocity through the semicircle canals.
Iran-Water Resources Research
Iranian Water Resources Association
1735-2347
12
v.
3
no.
2016
214
218
https://www.iwrr.ir/article_14687_730503525bfc45c636e28741eca50f8c.pdf