شبیه سازی هیدرودینامیکی- کیفی دریاچه ارومیه با درنظر گرفتن حالتهای مختلف بازشدگی میانگذر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب و محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف.

2 دانشجوی دکترای مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف.

چکیده

در این پژوهش اثرات تغییرات احتمالی در بازشدگی میانگذر بر روی خصوصیات فیزیکی و کیفی دریاچه ارومیه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌‌اند. بدین‌منظور یک مدل سه‌­بعدی عددی هیدروینامیکی- کیفی برپایه مدل FVCOM توسعه داده شده است. از این مدل برای شبیه‌سازی وضعیت دریاچه در ترازهای مختلف آب و شرایط مختلف بازشدگی میانگذر استفاده شده است. حالت­‌های مختلف بازشدگی میانگذر به پیشنهاد ستاد احیای دریاچه ارومیه شامل شرایط فعلی میانگذر، بدون در نظر گرفتن میانگذر، بدون بازشدگی و همچنین اصلاح میانگذر با اضافه شدن یک بازشدگی 500 متری بوده است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد در تراز 1274/1 متر (تراز مطلوب برای احیای دریاچه که تراز اکولوژیک نامیده شده است.) در نبود میانگذر و در حالت اضافه شدن بازشدگی 500 متری، اختلاف شوری بخش‌های شمال و جنوب در اثر تبادل جریان بین این دو بخش به ترتیب به اندازه 11 و P.S.U 19 کم خواهد شد. بسته شدن بازشدگی میانگذر یا کم شدن تبادل جریان بین بخش شمالی و جنوبی سبب کاهش اکسیژن محلول به محدوده بی­اکسیژنی و افزایش دو برابری کلروفیل-آ در شمال دریاچه خواهد شد. در تراز 1270/7 متر تغییرات میانگذر تأثیر چندانی بر روی غلظت اکسیژن محلول نداشته و دریاچه همواره در شرایط کم­اکسیژنی است. در تراز 1272 متر نیز اصلاح میانگذر سبب افزایش رشد فیتوپلانکتون­ها به خصوص در قسمت شمالی گشته و دریاچه را به سمت تغذیه‌­گرایی سوق می­‌دهد. این مطالعه نشان می‌­دهد علاوه‌­بر افزایش تراز آب و کاهش شوری شاخص‌های کیفی نیز می‌­بایست در اهداف اصلی احیای دریاچه ارومیه مدنظر قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Numerical Study of Hydrodynamics and Water Quality Properties in Lake Urmia Considering Different Causeway Opening Configurations

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ammar Safaie 1
  • Milad Asadinia 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering. Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Student in Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To study effects of the Lake Urmia’s causeway opening configurations at different water levels on the hydrodynamics and water quality of the lake, a three-dimensional biophysical model of the Lake has been developed based on FVCOM. The causeway opening configurations, proposed by the Urmia Lake Restoration Program, include the current situation of the causeway of the lake, without the causeway, without any opening, and a modified causeway with an additional 500-meter opening.The results of this research for the water level of 1274.1 m (the desirable restoration level which is called the ecological level) showed that in the absence of the causeway and in the case of adding an additional opening of 500-meter to the present causeway, the salinity difference between the north and south parts will be reduced respectively by 11 and 19 P.S.U. due to the flow exchange between these two parts. The closure of the causeway opening or reducing the flow exchange between the northern and southern parts will cause a decrease in dissolved oxygen (DO) and a doubling of chlorophyll-a in the northern part of the lake. At the water level of 1270.7 m (the existing water level), changing the causeway opening has no significant effect on the concentration of dissolved oxygen and the lake is always experiencing the low-oxygen condition. At the water level of 1272 m (the restoration level most likely to be achieved), changing the causeway opening increased the growth of phytoplankton, especially in the northern part, which can cause eutrophication of the lake. This study highlights that in addition to increasing the water level and reducing salinity, water quality indicators should also be addressed in the main objectives of Lake Urmia restoration plan.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lake Urmia
  • Hydrodynamics
  • Water Quality Modeling
  • FVCOM
  • Causeway
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