ارائه یک شاخص کیفیت برای رودخانه‌های ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار /دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی ارومیه.

2 استاد /دانشکده مهندسی عمران و عضو قطب علمی مهندسی و مدیریت زیرساخت‌های عمرانی، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی، دانشگاه تهران.

3 کارشناس ارشد/دانشکده مهندسی عمران، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی، دانشگاه تهران.

چکیده

رودخانه‌ها از جمله منابع آب شیرین هستند که در معرض مقادیر مختلف آلاینده‌ها‌ قرار دارند. لذا داشتن آگاهی از تغییرات کیفی آب رودخانه‌ها الزامی است. یکی از روش‌های تحلیل و تفسیر مشخصه‌های کیفی آب، استفاده از شاخص‌های کیفیت آب است. در پژوهش حاضر نوع و وزن متغیرهای موجود در شاخص‌های کیفیت آب معتبر داخلی و بین‌المللی مورد بررسی آماری قرار گرفته است. سپس منحنی‌های شاخص عملکرد متغیرهای منتخب، بر اساس محدوده مجاز غلظت آلاینده‌ها در آیین‌نامه‌ها و استانداردهای مختلف تولید شده است. در گام بعد با استفاده از روش دلفی 9 متغیر مؤثر بر کیفیت آب ایران انتخاب گردیده و وزن آن‌ها بر اساس روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی به دست آمده است. به ارزش‌های کیفی اعلام شده توسط متخصصین، منحنی‌های با درجه همبستگی بالا برازش داده شده و در نهایت تابع میانگین هندسی برای جمع‌بندی زیرشاخص‌ها و به دست آوردن عدد نهایی شاخص مد نظر قرار گرفته است. مقدار شاخص تدوین شده برای رود کارون محاسبه شده و نتایج آن با شاخص‌های موجود مقایسه شده است. نتایج حاصله حاکی از تفسیر متفاوت‌تر کیفیت آب در این مورد مطالعاتی توسط شاخص تدوین شده نسبت به شاخص‌های دیگر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Proposing a Quality Index for Rivers of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Shirzad 1
  • M. Tabesh 2
  • H. Bayat 3
1 Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran.
2 Professor and Member of Center of Excellence for Engineering and Management of Civil Infrastructures, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Univiversity of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 MSc. Graduate, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Rivers are water resources which are exposed to different amounts of pollutants. Therefore having awareness of qualitative variation of rivers is necessary. Using water quality indices is one of the methods for analysis of water quality. In this study, kind and weight of the variables included in the valid national and international water quality indices are examined statistically. Then, the performance index curves of the variables are produced based on the various standards and guidelines. In the next stage, using the Delphi method 9 variables are selected as the effective variables for water resources in Iran and their weights are determined based on the analytical hierarchy process. Curves with high correlation coefficient are fitted to the quality values proposed by the specialists and geometric average function is employed for combination of sub indices and calculating the final value of the quality index. The value of the proposed quality index is calculated for the Karoun river and is compared with the other quality indices. According to the obtained results, interpretation of water quality in the Karoun river based on the presented new quality index differs from the other quality indices.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Quality Index
  • Delphi method
  • Analytical Hierarchy Process
  • Pollutant concentration
  • Water quality classification
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