ارزیابی شاخص اکو-بهره‌وری در واحد عمرانی F1 از شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی سفیدرود

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه گیلان

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه گیلان

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

اکو- بهره‌وری در توسعه پایدار، به صورت عملکرد زیست‌محیطی یک محصول کشاورزی با توجه به ارزش آن محصول تعریف می‌شود. نرم‌افزارهای SEAT و EVAT، دو ابزار مدل‌سازی هستند که با ترکیب دیدگاه‌های اقتصادی و زیست‌محیطی در یک مدل واحد تحلیل می‌شوند و به کاربر این امکان را می‌دهد تا سیستم مصرف آب را ارزیابی کند. در این مطالعه، شاخص اکو- بهره‌وری با توجه به اثرات زیست‌محیطی مصرف سوخت‌های دیزلی در یکی از واحدهای عمرانی شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی سفیدرود مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اراضی کشاورزی این منطقه شامل شالیزارهای برنج، باغات چای و استخرهای پرورش ماهی است. عملکرد زیست‌محیطی سیستم آبی منطقه برای پدیده تغییر اقلیم ایجاد شده در اثر انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای ناشی از مصرف سوخت‌های دیزلی ارزیابی گردید، در حالی‌که عملکرد اقتصادی آن با استفاده از کل ارزش افزوده محصولات نهایی سیستم و با توجه به مصرف آب و روش‌های مدیریتی مورد استفاده اندازه‌گیری گردید. نتایج نشان داد که مقدار این شاخص در شرایط پایه منطقه مورد مطالعه برای شالیزارهای برنج، باغات چای و استخرهای پرورش ماهی به ترتیب Milion Rials/kg 〖CO〗_2 eq 46/3، 76/0 و 02/0 بدست آمد. در ادامه، سناریوهایی در راستای بهبود شاخص اکو-بهره‌وری تعریف و مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که از بین سناریوهای تعریف شده سناریوی 3 (63 درصد راندمان آبیاری و 5 درصد مصرف آب برگشتی در شالیزارهای برنج) و سناریوی 4 (جایگزینی نیمی از ماشین‌آلات دیزلی با برقی در استخرهای پرورش ماهی) باعث افزایش 17 و 86 درصدی شاخص‌ اکو-بهره‌وری کل سیستم آب کشاورزی واحد عمرانی F1 شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Eco-efficiency assessment in Command area of F1 in Sefidroud Irrigation and Drainage Network

نویسندگان [English]

  • Keyvan Amini 1
  • Nader Pirmoradian 3
  • Afshin Ashrafzadeh 2
1 University of Guilan
2
3 Associate Professor, Water Engineering Dept, University of Guilan
چکیده [English]

The concept of eco-efficiency is used as a tool to analyze farm sustainability to relate economic value of an activity to its impact on the environment. SEAT and EVAT software are two modelling tools which combine both economic and environmental viewpoints into a single modelling framework and allow the user to evaluate the water consumption system. In this research, the eco-efficiency index with regard to the environmental impacts of diesel fuel was evaluated in the one of commands area in Sefidroud Irrigation and Drainage. The agricultural lands in this area including paddy rice, tea-garden and fish-culture. The environmental performance of the system was evaluated for climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions from diesel consumption as well the economic performance was measured by using the total value added to the system's final products due to water use and the adopted management practices. Then, the value of area vulnerability was assessed according to eco-efficiency index of climate change. The results showed that the eco-efficiency index in baseline for paddy rice, tea-garden and fish-culture were calculated 3.46, 0.76 and 0.02 Milion Rials/kg 〖CO〗_2 eq, respectively. the results showed that eco-efficiency indicator of scenarios 3 (the percent of irrigation efficiency and return flow are 63% and 5% in paddy rice, respectively) and 4 (replacing 50% of diesel engines with electric motors in fish farming) were increased 17 and 86% in the entire of F1, respectively, in comparison with base scenarios.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agricultural
  • Eco-efficiency
  • Economic
  • Environmental
  • Water management
Ahmadi A, Zolfagharipoor MA, Nikouei AR, Dorreali MY (2016) Economic assessment of technical infrastructure implementation of an agricultural water market, A Case Study: Part of the Mahyar irrigation network. Iran-Water Resources Research 12(3):35-49 (In Persian)
Anonymous (2013) Gabi database and modelling principles (2013) PE International Germany
Anonymous (2015) Umberto NXT LCA:User Manuale. IFU Hamburg Gmbh Hamburg
Cencic O, Rechberger H (2008) Material flow analysis with software STAN. In:Luneburg. Germany, Environmental Informatics and Industrial Ecology
ELCD )2013( European reference life cycle database v.3.1. Joint Research Centre
Goedkoop M,  Oele M, Leijting J, Ponsioen T,  Meijer E (2013) Introduction to LCA with Simapro. Pre Consultants, California, 80p
Gómez- Limón J A, Picazo-Tadeo A J, Reig-Martinez E (2012) Eco-efficiency assessment of olive in Andalusia. Land Use Policy 29(2):395-406
Graham M (2004) Environmental efficiency meaning and measurement and application to Australian dairy farms. In AARES 2004: Contributed papers, AARES 1-18
Hashemi M, Hassani Y, Hormozi M (2017) Optimal water distribution within the main irrigation canal considering economic perspective in water shortages conditions. Iran-Water Resources Research 13(3): 33-42 (In Persian)
Herrmann IT, Moltesen A (2015) Does it matter which Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool you choose? a comparative assessment of Simapro and Gabi. Journal of Cleaner Production 86:163-169
Huang CL, Vause J, Ma HW, Yu CP (2012) Using material/substance flow analysis to support sustainable development assessment: a literature review and outlook. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 68:104-116
IPCC (2006) Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change
Jollands N, Lermit J, Paterson M (2004) Aggregate eco-efficiency indicators for New Zealand:a principal components analysis. Journal Environ Management 73(4):293-305
Ju XT, Xing GX, Chen XP, Zhang SL, Zhang LJ, Liu XJ, Cui ZL, Yin B, Christie P, Zhu ZL, Zhang FS (2009) Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive chinese agricultural systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (106):3041-3046
Maia R, Silva C, Costa E (2016) Eco-efficiency assessment in the agricultural sector: The Mont Novo irrigation perimeter Portugal. Journal of Cleaner Production 138:217-228
O’Brien M, Giljum S, Miedzinski M, Blei R (2011) The eco-innovation chalenge pathways to a reasourse-efficient Europe. Annual Report 2010: Eco Innovation Observatory
OhabYazdi SA, Ahmadi A, Nikouei A (2014) Employing economic instruments to increase water productivity: A case study, Zayandehrood river basin. Iran-Water Resources Research 10(1):63-71 (In Persian)
Park Y, Shamma JS, Harmon TC (2009) A receding horizontal control algorithm for adaptive management of soil moisture and chemical levels during irrigation. Environmental Modelling & Software 24:1112–1121
Pirmoradian N, Sepaskhah AR, Maftoun M (2004) Effect of water-saving irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on yield and yield component of rice (Oriza sativa L.). Plant Production Science 7(3):337-346
Pirmoradian N, Zekri F, Rezaei M, Abdollahi V (2013) Derivation of crop coefficients of three rice varieties based on ETo estimation method in Rasht region. Cereal Research 3(2):95-106 (In Persian)
 Pirmoradin N (2017) Simulation of water delivery scheduling in paddy fields of Sefidrood irrigation network to perform intermittent irrigation. The Final Report of the Research Project, Regional Water Company of Guilan, 173p (In Persian)
Reith CC, Guidry MJ (2003) Eco-efficiency analysis of an agricultural research complex. Journal of Environmental Management 68(3):219-229
Roel A, Mutters RG, Eckert JW, Plant RE (2005) Effect of low water temperature on rice yield in California. American Society of Agronomy 97:943-948
Schaltegger S, Burritt R, Petersen H (2003) An introduction to corporate environmental management. Striving for sustainability 14:541-542
Shimono H, Hasegawa T, Kuwagata T, Iwama K (2007) Modeling the effects of water temperature on rice growth and yield under a cool climate. American Society of Agronomy 99(5):1338-1344
Smith AJ (2008) Rainfall and irrigation controls on groundwater rise and salinity risk in the Old River irrigation area, Northern Australia. Hydrogeology Journal 16:1159–1175
Stanchev P, Ribarova I (2016) Complexity, assumptions and for eco-efficiency assessment of urban water systems. Journal of Cleanner Production 138(2):1-8
Todorovic M, Mehmeti A, Scardigno A (2016) Eco-efficiency of agricultural water systems: Methodological approach and assessment at meso-level scale. Journal of Environmental Management 165:62-71
Twomlow S, Rohrbach D, Dimes J, Rusike J, Mupangwa W, Ncube B, Hove L, Moyo M, Mashingaidze N, Mahposa P (2010) Micro-dosing as a pathway to Africa’s Green Revolution: evidence from broad-scale on-farm trials. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 88(1):3-15
 Van Meensel J, Lauwers L, Van Huylenbroeck G, Van Passel S (2010) Comparing frontier methods for economic-environmental trade-off analysis. European Journal of Operational Research 207:1027–1040
 Wohlgemuth V, Page B, Kreutzer W (2006) Combining discrete event simulation and material flow analysis in a component-based approach to industrial environmental protection. Environmental Modelling & Software 21:1607-1617
Zekri F (2013) Simulation of climatic fluctuations effects on yield of rice (Oryza satival) C.V. Hashemi using Aquacrop model in Rasht region. M.Sc. thesis, University of Guilan (In Persian)