برنامه‌ریزی منابع آب بر اساس دکترین‌های حاکم بر تسهیم آب‌های مرزی(مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبریز هریرود)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده مهندسی عمران، آب و محیط زیست دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 دانشگاه شهید بهشتى

3 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

وجود بیش از 50% جمعیت در حوضه‌های آبریز مرزیِ خاور‌میانه رقابت و منازعاتی را برای استفاده از منابع آبی مشترک سبب شده است. نیمه شرقی ایران با کمبود شدید آب روبه‌رو و مشهد که بخش اعظم آب آن از سد دوستی تأمین می‌شود، وابسته به جریانات ورودی از رودخانه هریرود از سوی افغانستان می‌باشد. در این تحقیق تأثیر ساخت سد سلما بر روی جریان ورودی به سد دوستی در قالب سناریوهای مختلف بر اساس دکترین‌های تسهیم آب‌های مرزی بین کشورهای بالادست و پایین‌دست پرداخته‌شده است. با توجه به عدم وجود تفاهم‌نامه در برداشت آب از رودخانه مشترک هریرود، حقآبه ایران و افغانستان با استفاده از شاخص‌های اطمینان‌پذیری حجمی و شاخص آسیب‌پذیری ارزیابی شده است. نتایج شبیه‌سازی در صورت احداث سد سلما، عدم وجود تفاهم‌نامه میان کشورهای حوضه و برقراری دکترین حاکمیت سرزمینی مطلق حاکی از کمبود نیاز کشاورزی به مقدار 35 درصد و کمبود آب شرب مشهد به میزان 40 درصد نسبت به دکترین تمامیت ارضی محدود شده می‌باشد. مبنا قراردادن دکترین تمامیت ارضی محدود شده به تأمین نیاز هر یک از کشورهای حوضه با توجه به منابع آب محدود حوضه آبریز کمک می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Water resource planning based on the sovereignty doctrines in sharing of transboundary water resources

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Moshfegh 1
  • Jalal Attari 3
1 Department of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Dept. of Civil, Water & Env. Eng., Shahid Beheshti Univ., Tehran
چکیده [English]

The existence of over 50% of the population in the Middle East boundary Basin has caused competition and debates over the use of conjoint water resources. The eastern part of Iran faced with a severe shortage of water and Mashhad, where most of its water is supplied from the Dusti dam, is dependent on the flow of the Harirood River from Afghanistan. In this research, the effect of the building of the Salma Dam on the entrance flow into the Dusti Dam is studied in different scenarios based on the doctrines of conjoint transboundary waters between the upstream (upper part) and downstream (lower part) countries. Due to the lack of a memorandum of understanding (agreement) on water usage (access) from the Harirood shared river, Iran and Afghanistan right of water are assessed using volume reliability indicators and vulnerability indicators. Simulation results in the case of the building of the Salma Dam, the lack of a memorandum of understanding between the countries of the basin and the establishment of the absolute territorial sovereignty doctrine indicates lack of agricultural needs of 35 percent and the lack of Mashhad drinking water of 40 percent toward the limited territorial integrity doctrine. The basis of the territorial integrity doctrine limited help to the needs of each of the basin countries with respect to the limited water resources of the basin.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Transboundary watersheds
  • Dusti dam
  • Salma dam
  • International laws
  • Harirud
 
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